Chapter 5
Post World War II
There is no nation, it seems, which is not being promised the
whole earth.- Elias Canfetti
The world’s view of war was changed forever on July 16, 1945. On
that day in Alamogordo, New Mexico, America exploded the world's
first atomic bomb, sending a huge mushroom-shaped cloud high into
the sky.
The Manhattan Project, the code name for the U.S. effort during
World War II to produce the atomic bomb, was led primarily by German
and German-Jewish scientists who had escaped from Adolf Hitler’s
Germany. It was named for the Manhattan Engineer District of the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, because much of the early research was
done in New York City. Sparked by refugee physicists in the United
States, the program was slowly organized after nuclear fission was
discovered by German scientists in 1938, and many U.S. scientists
expressed the fear that Hitler would attempt to build a fission
bomb.
In 1939, an American university professor named Albert Einstein
(1879-1955) wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt
outlining the possibility of using a nuclear chain reaction for a
bomb. After reading the letter, Roosevelt began the Manhattan
Project in 1943. Only a few people knew of the project. Einstein
later regretted his letter to Roosevelt, but he feared the Nazis
would develop an atomic weapon and use it on America. Many
scientific and military people involved in developing the bomb did
not want it to be used, feeling it was immoral.
The program was first under the leadership of Vannevar Bush
(1890-1974), head of the National Defense Research Committee and the
Office of Scientific Research and Development; and later under
General Leslie Groves (1896-1970) of the Army Corps of Engineers.
Groves immediately purchased a site at Oak Ridge, Tennessee for
facilities to separate the necessary uranium 235 from the much more
common uranium 238, and he consolidated the research done in many
East Coast universities under the direction of Arthur Compton
(1892-1962) at the University of Chicago. He also appointed
German theoretical physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967) as
director of the weapons laboratory built on an isolated mesa at Los
Alamos, New Mexico. After much difficulty, a porous barrier suitable
for separating isotopes of uranium was developed and installed in
the Oak Ridge gaseous diffusion plant. Finally, in 1945, uranium 235
of bomb purity was shipped to Los Alamos, where it was fashioned
into a gun-type weapon. In a barrel, one piece of uranium was fired
at another, together forming a supercritical, explosive mass.
On August 6 and August 9, 1945, American planes dropped one
atomic bomb each on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
The first bomb destroyed 80 percent of Hiroshima’s buildings and
killed about 80,000 people. The second bomb killed about 35,000
people. Japan surrendered to America after Nagasaki, but the people
of Japan suffered failing health and horrible deaths for years
afterward because of the effects of atomic radiation.
Controversy still rages on the "necessity" of destroying
Hiroshima and Nagasaki with atomic bombs that killed more than a
hundred thousand people and wounded nearly as many. The atomic bomb
did not win the war in the Pacific; at best, it hastened Japanese
acceptance of a defeat that was viewed as inevitable. Advocates of
the bombing claimed, however, that invasion of the Japanese home
islands would otherwise have been required, producing untold
carnage. Those opposed, among whom were many of the scientists
involved in developing the bombs, argued in retrospect that the
United States' use of the atomic bomb may have been the first act of
the Cold War.
In any event, the incidents at Hiroshima and Nagasaki had dire
consequences for our planet. The Manhattan Project was an example of
absolute idiocy. This unleashed universal energy not only endangered
our two human rights — life itself and a planet on which to live on
— but also endangered nearby neighbors in our universe.
So it was that in 1947, two years after the explosions and scene
of the mushroom clouds over the cities of Japan, neighbors in our
universe, concerned with the evolving reptilian minded-ness of our
planet’s human population, began to monitor our behavior. (We will
discuss this still much-discussed incident at Roswell, New Mexico
later in this chapter.) With atomic weaponry, we had reached a point
in our evolution where fighting and warring had quantum-leaped to
potential annihilation of our life plasm and the planet itself.
This desperate act by the U.S. government, justified by the need
to end the war in the Pacific and thus save millions of lives, did
not take into account the dire consequences that could — and did —
follow. Not only were the atheistic scientists involved in the
Manhattan Project fearful of a worldwide catastrophe prior to the
detonation of the first device in New Mexico, but they were also
patently aware that it would be impossible to contain the immediate
radiation fallout from such explosions, much less safely store
residual nuclear waste. Still, they forged ahead toward a godless
and reckless plunge into the unknown. This single act will go down
in our planet’s future history as the culminating point of absolute
insanity, developed out of man's savage need to conquer his fellow
man.
Now let us take a look at the post-war United States. Flush with
the success of defeating the Axis powers in Europe and the Pacific,
the United States had emerged by the late 1940s both financially and
militarily as a super power. The industrial and military machinery
of this nation was in an embryo stage. It would require wise
leadership to prevent the industrial military complex, representing
capitalism on the one hand and the emerging social democracy on the
other hand, to reverse this hallowed position.
President Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969) alluded to the problem
when he referred to the emerging “industrial military complex” in
the 1950s.
This ideological conflict waged from opposite sides of the
political spectrum would become known as the “right” and “left” of
politics. Both of these ideologies are grossly flawed, and each
cling tenaciously to the delusion of national sovereignty. On the
“right” are the proponents of capitalism fueled by greed and
power-lust. On the “left” are the proponents of socialism, fueled by
jealousy and hate. Both are firmly rooted in secularism,
materialism, and atheistic science. Both maintain their political
positions drawing heavily on knowledge but utterly lacking the
wisdom of history and experience. As we view the chapters of the
latter part of the twentieth century, the reader will easily
recognize this fallacy.
The “right” and “left” of western political life during the
balance of the century would experience the ebb and flow of populist
thinking as the citizens, confused by fear of a potential nuclear
threat, gave their power away to unwise politicians. This apathy
would prove to be almost suicidal. We must always remember that
representative government and their agencies are fallible — they are
just people — and they can never replace God. That is why a global
government, at this point in time, is a recipe for disaster. Before
a global government can ever become a just and wise course, there
must first be a power beyond our imagination capable of creating the
circumstances whereby religious and political sovereignty have been
surrendered to God as the supreme sovereign. This unimagined power
has been prophesied in all religions and is expected at the "end of
the age." Many believe that this new age will coincide with the
first part of the third millennium. Christianity has expectantly
awaited this event for each of the 2,000 years since Jesus walked
among men.
Whether this comes to pass sooner or later, we as mortals must
strive to find common ground between not only the dominant global
powers but all nations, so that a framework for a future just and
righteous global government will be in place. Unless we accomplish
this goal, we will continue to experience wars and rumors of wars,
as the strong and powerful sovereign nations rub shoulders with only
oceans separating them. Nations with power agendas cannot rub
shoulders without generating conflicts and eventuating wars. Nations
that view other nations as a means toward an end — whether that end
is richer oil fields or a source of cheap labor — will always pose a
threat to peace.
A Cosmic Watergate
A mysterious crash, dead extraterrestrials littering the
landscape, a government cover-up. The incident that occurred near
Roswell, New Mexico, on June 14, 1947, is an elaborate tale, growing
ever more so with time and mythic imagination. Although the Roswell
Incident seems the most spectacular flying-saucer story, the
phenomenon goes far beyond the small desert town.
On the day W. W. (“Mac”) Brazel chanced upon the strange debris
(June 14, 1947), he was making his rounds at the J. B. Foster sheep
ranch, 85 miles northwest of Roswell. The wreckage was strewn over a
200-yard area and consisted largely of rubber strips, tin foil, wood
sticks, Scotch tape, other tape decorated with a floral design and
what the rancher described as a rather tough paper.
Ten days after Brazel's chance discovery, Boise business man and
trained pilot Kenneth Arnold was flying near Washington state’s
Cascade Mountains when he spotted what he described as nine
disk-like objects flying in formation at about 1,200 mph. It was
Arnold’s report that led to widespread use of the term “flying
saucer.” His story immediately gave rise to other sightings. By July
4, newspapers were reporting literally hundreds of stories of
“flying saucers” in skies across the nation. Arnold’s report has
held up to 50 years of scrutiny as a puzzling but excellent
sighting.
Rancher Brazel, who had no radio in his shack, was not aware of
the sightings until July 5. He heard about the saucers when he drove
to a nearby town. By then, Brazel later told the Roswell Daily
Record, he had already returned to the littered field with his
wife and two children, gathered the debris, and taken it home. On
July 7, while in Roswell, he reported to the sheriff that he might
have found a flying disk. Sheriff George Wilcox immediately phoned
nearby Roswell Army Air Field, home of the 509th Bomb Group, and
notified Major Jesse Marcel, the group intelligence officer. Marcel,
hardly able to control his excitement, went to Brazel to collect the
debris.
A July 8 press release issued by the Roswell Army Air Field
caused quite a sensation: “RAAF Captures Flying Saucer on Ranch in
Roswell Region,” proclaimed the Roswell Daily Record. Word of
the discovery quickly spread and press inquiries came in from all
over the world.
The excitement did not last, however. At 8th Air Force
headquarters on the same night, Brigadier General Roger Ramey,
consulted with his weather forecaster, Warrant Officer Irving
Newton, then called in the local press. He announced that the debris
was nothing more than the remnants of a high-altitude weather
balloon. The sticks and tin foil, he explained, were from a
reflector used to track the balloon by radar. The next day, under
the headline "General Ramey Empties Roswell Saucer," the
Daily Record reported his retraction and explanation.
Tranquillity returned to Roswell, and more than three decades would
pass before any more excitement was stirred.
It was in 1978 that Stanton Friedman, a former itinerant nuclear
physicist who describes himself as “a clear-cut, unambiguous
UFOlogist,” met up with Jesse Marcel, long retired from the Air
Force and living nearby. After quizzing Marcel, who still believed
the debris he retrieved was extraterrestrial, Friedman reviewed the
old stories about Roswell, painstakingly sought out and interviewed
other witnesses, and came to a dramatic conclusion: there had been a
cover-up of “cosmic Watergate” proportions. His research and
conclusions became the basis of the 1980 book The Roswell
Incident, co-written by Charles Berlitz (author of The
Bermuda Triangle) and UFO investigator William Moore. Its
publication put Roswell back on the map.
Mentioned briefly in the book was a yarn told secondhand to
Friedman by a couple who attended one of his lectures in 1972. They
claimed that a friend, now dead, had told them about coming upon a
crashed saucer in 1947 on the Plains of San Augustin, New Mexico,
about 150 miles west of the Foster ranch. Before being shooed away
by military police, he claimed, he had spotted several small bodies
strewn nearby. Since the story had no apparent connection to Roswell
and was given scant credence by Friedman and the authors, it was
generally ignored. Yet it was the UFO era’s first mention of alien
casualties.
In 1988, responding to the continuing speculation about Roswell,
the Center for UFO Studies (CUFOS) in Chicago sponsored a team to
seek out the crash site, recover any remaining debris and interview
surviving “witnesses.” Three years later, the key members of that
team, science-fiction author Kevin Randle and CUFOS investigator Don
Schmitt, published their conclusions in the book UFO Crash at
Roswell. In addition to recovering a UFO at Roswell, they
charged, the government had found and spirited away the remnants of
its crew: several small alien bodies.
Randle and Schmitt reinforced their findings with accounts by
Roswell witnesses, some of whom had earlier been interviewed by
Friedman. The most notable of their sources was Glenn Dennis, who
had been a mortician in 1947. According to Dennis, he had received
inquiries from the air base that July about the availability of
child-size coffins and procedures for embalming bodies that had been
exposed to the elements.
Even more intriguing, he claimed that he had seen strange
activity at the base hospital early in July and had been ordered to
leave after encountering a hysterical Army nurse, who later told him
she had aided doctors performing autopsies on strange-looking, small
bodies. The nurse, he added, had sworn him to secrecy and had been
transferred to England, flown out of the base shortly after they
spoke. Later, he said, he heard that she had been killed in a plane
crash.
Friedman's interest in UFOs landed him a deal as adviser for a
1989 episode of a television series dealing with the Roswell crash.
One viewer of the episode, Gerald Anderson, called the show and said
the re-enactment of the event was inaccurate. For one thing, he
said, the shape of the crashed spacecraft was wrong. He explained he
had been a witness, thus knew this firsthand.
Friedman saw this as confirmation of the incident at Roswell. He
arranged to have John Carpenter, a Springfield therapist, interview
Anderson. Carpenter, who also directed investigations for the local
chapter of MUFON, the Mutual UFO Network, conducted several sessions
with Anderson, often using hypnosis, presumably to help him recover
buried memories of the event. Anderson later reported to the local
newspaper: “We all went up…to it [a large silver disk]. There were
three creatures, three bodies, lying on the ground underneath this
thing in the shade. Two weren't moving, and the third one obviously
was having trouble breathing, like when you have broken ribs. There
was a fourth one [that]...apparently had been giving first aid to
the others.” Soon after, Anderson claimed, the military arrived,
moving the civilians away from the site and ordering everyone to
forget what they had seen.
Armed with his new evidence, Friedman and UFO researcher Don
Berliner co-authored their own book, Crash at Corona, in
1992. In this book, they concluded the government recovered not one
but two saucers in July 1947, along with seven dead
extraterrestrials and one that was still alive. The first craft,
they claimed, crashed near Corona after some kind of midair accident
that showered debris on the Foster ranch. And the second, they
wrote, was surely the one Anderson saw.
In a 1994 sequel, The Truth About the UFO Crash at Roswell,
Randle and Schmitt introduced more witnesses. One was Roswell
resident who maintained he was part of a military contingent that
had searched for a crashed saucer and, 40 miles south of the Foster
sheep ranch, had discovered a craft shaped like a plane fuselage,
its nose buried in a sandy hill. Through a cracked section, he saw
several small bodies.
Another story was told by a resident of Carlsbad, New Mexico. He
alleged that he and a woman friend had been camping in an area north
of Roswell during the July 4 weekend in 1947 and they saw an
object flash overhead and crash not far away. Seeking out the wreck,
he said, they discovered a crashed saucer and, using a flashlight,
spotted several little corpses. They returned in the morning to get
a better look but beat a hasty retreat when they saw a military
convoy approaching.
Minutes of an Air Force Scientific Advisory Board meeting on
March 17, 1948, quote Colonel Howard McCoy, then chief of
intelligence at what is now the Wright Patterson Air Force Base
(where the bodies and debris were supposedly shipped) as saying, “We
are running down every [UFO] report. I can't even tell you how much
we would give to have one of these crash in an area so that we could
recover whatever they are.”
More recently, UFO investigators have focused on a series of
sightings reported in Arizona. Dozens of observers, scattered across
100 miles, reported seeing a cluster of lights moving rapidly across
the night sky. The Arizona incident stands as “perhaps the most
dramatic UFO sighting that has been reported to the National UFO
Reporting Center” over the past few years, says the Seattle-based
center’s director, Peter Davenport. Davenport also gathered reports
of a similar cluster of lights passing over a wide area of Texas.
The Roswell controversy continues today and Washington has been
under increasing pressure to resolve it. At the urging of New Mexico
Representative Steven Schiff, who complained about a government
“cover-up” of Roswell and the “runaround” he was getting from the
Pentagon, the General Accounting Office announced in January 1994
that it would launch a hunt for any documents related to the
incident.
Finally, an Air Force report stated that “there was no indication
in official records from the [1947] period that there was heightened
military operational or security activity which should have been
generated if this was, in fact, the first recovery of materials
and/or persons from another world.” The GAO probe, released in 1995,
reported much the same conclusion. The Air Force tried to pass off
the small bodies as being from experiments conducted in the 1950s
that involved dropping dummies from high-altitude balloons to study
the results of the impact. Witnesses’ descriptions of the “aliens”
closely match the characteristics of the dummies.
Even the cynically minded of the national press corps scoffed at
yet another botched attempt to avoid the inevitable owning up that
the US authorities lied in 1947 — and have continued to do so ever
since. As in the Watergate conspiracy, once lies are told, it is
impossible to keep the lid on without a continuing campaign of
deceit and the eventual consequences.
After several botched attempts were made by the Air Force to
conceal this UFO crash event, the official position was total
denial. Yet, subsequent investigations and evidence point clearly to
the fact that something from another planet crashed on our planet's
surface. With their “reptile brains” fully engaged, the U.S.
authorities made the decision for all mankind that the official
response to extraterrestrial interaction would be hostile; it would
take two generations of our global populations to discover the
truth.
UFOs and extraterrestrials in the later part of the twentieth
century are the two most talked about, filmed, and reported
subjects. Those early days preceding the 1947 Roswell crash must
have convinced our visitors that we are a strange and hostile race
of people. An educated guess would posit that their need to visit
our planet was provoked by the 1945 atomic explosions and their
concern based on the universe law of cause and effect. It must have
appeared to these creatures that the immature children of planet
earth, not content with waging war among themselves using machinery
and conventional weapons, would resort to unleashing a universe
energy known as nuclear fission upon their own kind. This barbarous
and savage act must have brought our planet to their attention.
Because there exists a nonintervention law based on the
“free will” of a planet’s intelligent species, the visitors'
presence here could only be to monitor our insanity. The political
and military response, based on reptilian thinking, was one of
aggression toward the visitors and denial toward the masses.
Notwithstanding the "problems" they assumed would arise once the
masses were cognizant of extraterrestrial life, this aggressive and
denial response would set our evolution back by many decades.
(This nonintervention law is similar to Gene Roddenberry’s “prime
directive” which he portrayed in his Star Trek television series. It
is believed by many that much of the Roddenberry’s conceptual detail
came from secret and inspired contact with the celestial world
(angels). Of course, it is impossible to prove this; however, every
scientist on this planet when viewing the night sky, atheist or not,
will admit to the fact that the celestial array is based on a
complicated mathematical arrangement. And therefore, there must be
in existence a “Master Mathematician" — God. Even the most rigorous
researcher, in accepting the existence of a "nonintervention law,"
eventually must conclude that the universe is governed by a code of
sublime laws that could never have arisen by chance.)
The reptilian fear-based response that would be the official
reaction to the Roswell incident for decades was not only typical
and expected, it would prove in the long run to be futile. The
following generations of committed investigators from all walks of
life would eventually unearth this massive conspiracy, this “cosmic
Watergate.” The U.S. government would run this conspiracy for most
of the twentieth century in a desperate effort to avoid telling its
citizens the truth — that it could not defend itself against other
planets and that the perceived power of government and authority was
but a vague shadow hanging over us all, enabling the reptile-minded
to lord it over the masses. This futile attempt at conspiracy and
subterfuge would eventually be exposed. The notion that an
all-powerful government could usurp the basic freedom and liberty
afforded all men by our Creator was a cruel deception and against
the will of God.
This deceit and denial has unfortunate long-term ramifications
for the authorities — the more it is prolonged, the harder it will
eventually be to tell the truth. Apart from the enormous damage that
has been done to the public’s perception of the credibility of
authority, this breach of trust runs counter to the notion that a
government should serve the people, not the other way around. The
longer this “Cosmic Watergate” continues, the worse off we are as a
species. And time is running out. As our governments move us closer
toward a suicidal end, the cover-ups and grabs for control and power
increase as the truth is obliterated by daily sound bites.
Any civilized species that posits the question, “Could life exist
elsewhere in the universe?” can quickly summon an answer by simply
looking up. As previously discussed, even the most ardent atheists
have great difficulty viewing the night sky and explaining away the
endless arithmetical equations by which it is arranged. They quickly
realize a higher intelligence would be required to develop the
quantum physics necessary for the billions upon billions of stars
(which are actual suns) twinkling in the dome above our heads. Based
on our solar system alone — our sun at the center surrounded by
orbiting planets, with one of these planets inhabited by intelligent
beings — many astronomical physicists have conjectured that
the universe is literally teeming with life. Denial of
extraterrestrial life and a Creator is the response of an arrogant
inward-looking species that regards the universe as a mechanism and
thinks of humans as mere machines mass-produced by chance. Most
so-called atheistic scientists while agreeing the universe is, after
all, based on mathematical equations, continue to deny the existence
of a “Master Mathematician.” It's a contradiction that most mortals
of the realm easily grasp as they view the glory and perfection of
the “Master Mathematician’s” work.
The Marshall Plan
As the world recovered from World War II, the unlooked-for
harvest of further wars and atrocities began to surface, as mankind
quickly chose to forget history and settle down to the soft and
comfortable life of the modern West. It was what would become known
as the “baby boomer” era. An urgent rush to procreation was the
natural response by partly civilized mortals, repulsed and numbed by
the horror of the past decade — or perhaps because the gene pool had
been so heavily eradicated by two wars. Still, the modern-thinking
human was still listening to the voices of a demanding reptile and a
chattering ancient mammal. Both were speaking to us from the depths
of our own skulls.
With the onset of the baby boomer era, Western societies quickly
returned to the comfortable lifestyle of mass consumerism, fueled by
the invigorating financial benefits of the U.S.-inspired Marshall
Plan. The Marshall Plan, formally known as the European Recovery
Program, was a program of U.S. economic and technical assistance to
sixteen European countries after World War II. Its objectives were
to restore the war-ravaged west European economy and to stimulate
economic growth and trade among the major non-communist countries.
In early 1947, as the cold war between the United States and the
USSR dawned, U.S. policy-makers concluded that western Europe would
require substantial economic aid to attain political stability. This
program, announced by Secretary of State George C. Marshall
(1880-1959) in an address at Harvard University on June 5, 1947,
proposed that the European countries draw up a unified plan for
economic reconstruction to be funded by the United States. The USSR
and other countries of Eastern Europe were invited to join, but they
declined. The Economic Cooperation Administration was established by
the United States to administer the plan. The sixteen west European
countries then formed the Organization for European Economic
Cooperation to coordinate the program.
From 1948 to 1952, the sixteen participating countries received
13.15 billion dollars in U.S. aid. The program succeeded in reviving
the West European economy and setting it on the path of long-term
growth. Germany, Japan and all of the non-Iron-Curtain nations began
to prosper. Science and technology took on a new meaning with the
emergence of Dwight D. Eisenhower’s famous speech, when the world
heard for the first time the term, “Industrial Military Complex.”
This emerging power base of industrialists and the capitalist elite
would frame the history of the latter part of the twentieth century.
New levels of materialism, fueled by greed and power lust would be
achieved. The world as it had been known would change dramatically
as science and technology would catapult both the Iron Curtain
countries and the west into the “Cold War.”
With the shadow of planetary annihilation hanging over global
societies, all governments took on a paternal role to fill the void
created by the secular revolt, which by now was in full cry. In the
Eastern Bloc communist countries, which by now had coalesced in
Europe and was embryonic in Asia, the totalitarian state had
replaced God. In the West, with the daily fear of atomic
annihilation hanging over their heads, a different sort of
totalitarian state was manifesting.
This world order was the governmental response to the void
created by secular revolt and atheistic science, and would continue
to manifest in its totalitarian state, as the weak-minded of this
era espousing Marxist philosophy found their way into politics,
religion and social service. Readers will recall that the seeds of
this new breed of socialism were sown in the early part of the
century. By now, with a greater portion of the sacrificed
stronger-minded individuals buried in unmarked graves throughout
Europe and the Pacific, the weak-minded of the more liberal thinkers
held sway.
The totalitarian state emerged swiftly as the lawyers, imbued
with knowledge and devoid of wisdom, framed legislation in response
to politicians’ urgent requirement to solve all problems for
society. This urgent rush to replace family and community with a
centralized totalitarian government would prove to be not only
socially suicidal, but also financially bankrupting. All of the
financial gain Roosevelt had cunningly gouged from Churchill would
be squandered by Democrat-controlled U.S. Congress. The liberals of
the world would continue this social plunge into indebtedness and
dependency until all vestiges of freedom and liberty, as set out in
the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, had disappeared from the
political horizon.
China
During this transition period in the middle part of our century,
there emerged in the 1950s a new war, the Korean War, fought between
two ideologies — communism and capitalism — the basis for the “Cold
War.” The sleeping giant through the latter half to the close of
this century was China.
Mao Zedong, or Mao Tse-tung (1893-1976), was born into a
well-to-do peasant family in Shaoshan, Hunan province. As a child,
he worked in the fields and attended a local primary school, where
he studied the traditional Confucian classics. He was frequently in
conflict with his strict father whom Mao learned successfully to
confront, with the support of his gentle and devoutly Buddhist
mother. Beginning in 1911, the year the republican forces of Sun
Yat-sen launched the overthrow of the Qing (Ch'ing, or Manchu)
dynasty, Mao spent most of ten years in the provincial capital. He
was exposed to the tides of rapid political change and the new
culture movement then sweeping the country. He served briefly in the
republican army and then spent half a year studying alone in the
provincial library, an experience that reinforced his habit of
independent study.
By 1918, Mao had graduated from the Hunan First Normal School and
had gone to Beijing (Peking), the national capital, where he worked
briefly as a library assistant at Beijing University. Mao lacked the
funds to support a regular student status and, unlike many of his
classmates, mastered no foreign language and did not study abroad.
It may be partly due to his relative poverty during his student
years that he never identified completely with the cosmopolitan
bourgeois intellectuals who dominated Chinese university life. He
did establish contact with intellectual radicals who later figured
prominently in the Chinese Communist party. In 1919, Mao returned to
Hunan, where he engaged in radical political activity while
supporting himself as a primary-school principal. At this stage, his
writings revealed the influence of Marx.
When the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was organized in Shanghai
in 1921, Mao was a founding member and leader of the Hunan branch.
He was one of the twelve original members of the Chinese Communist
Party then engaged in the organizing of mine workers. His ideology
and philosophy was deeply rooted in Marx’s Communist Manifesto. At
this stage, the new party formed a united front with the Kuomintang
(Guomindang), the party of the republican followers of Sun Yat-sen.
Mao worked within the united front in Shanghai, Hunan, and Guangzhou
(Canton), concentrating variously on labor organization, party
organization, propaganda, and the Peasant Movement Training
Institute. His 1927 “Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan”
expressed his view of the revolutionary potential of the peasantry.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek, who had gained control of the
Kuomintang after the death of Sun Yat-sen, reversed that party's
policy of cooperation with the communists. By the next year, when he
had control of the Nationalist armies as well as the Nationalist
government, Chiang purged all communists from the movement. Mao was
forced to flee to the mountains of south China, where he established
with Zhu De (Chu Teh) a rural base defended by a guerrilla army. It
was this almost accidental fusion of communist leadership with a
guerrilla force operating in rural areas with peasant support that
was to make Mao the leader of the CCP.
Because of their growing military power, Mao and Zhu were able by
1930 to defy orders of the Russian-controlled CCP leadership that
directed them to capture cities. In the following year, despite the
fact that his position in the party was weak and his policies were
criticized, a Chinese soviet was founded in Jiangsu (Kiangsi)
province, with Mao as chairman. A series of extermination campaigns
by Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government forced the CCP to
abandon this base in October 1934 and to commence the Long March. At
Zunyi (Tsun-i) in Guizhou (Kweichow), Mao for the first time gained
effective control over the CCP, ending the era of Russian direction
of party leadership. Remnants of the communist forces reached
Shaanxi (Shensi) in October 1935, after a march of 10,000 kilometers
(6,000 miles). They then established a new party headquarters at
Yenan.
When the Japanese invasion of 1937 forced the CCP and the
Kuomintang once again to form a united front, the communists gained
legitimacy as defenders of the Chinese homeland, and Mao rose in
stature as a national leader. During this period he established
himself as a military theorist and, through the publication in 1937
of such essays as “On Contradiction” and “On Practice,” laid
claim to recognition as an important Marxist thinker. Mao's essay
“On New Democracy” in 1940 outlined a unique national form of
Marxism appropriate to China; his “Talks at the Yenan Forum on
Literature and Art” in 1942 provided a basis for party control over
cultural affairs.
The soundness of Mao’s self-reliance and rural guerrilla
strategies was proved by the CCP’s rapid growth during the Yenan
period from 40,000 members in 1937 to 1,200,000 members in 1945. The
shaky truce between the communists and nationalists was broken at
the end of the war. Efforts were made by the United States, in
particular to forge a coalition government. Civil war erupted,
however, and the years 1946 through 1949 saw the rapid defeat of the
Kuomintang. Chiang's government was forced to flee to Taiwan,
leaving the Peoples Republic of China, formed by the Communists in
late 1949, in control of the entire Chinese mainland. Mao became
head of state of the new Peoples Republic in 1949.
When Mao’s efforts to open relations with the United States in
the late 1940s were rebuffed, he concluded that China would have to
“lean to one side,” and a period of close alliance with the USSR
followed. Mao’s fear that a U.S. victory in Korea would threaten
China contributed to China's entry into the Korean War. During the
early 1950s, Mao served as chairman of the Chinese Communist Party,
chief of state, and chairman of the military commission. His
international status as a Marxist leader rose after the death of
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in 1953.
Mao’s uniqueness as a leader is evident from his commitment to
continued class struggle under socialism, a view confirmed in his
theoretical treatise “On the Correct Handling of Contradictions
Among the People,” written in 1957. Dissatisfaction with the
slowness of development, the loss of revolutionary momentum in the
countryside, and the tendency for CCP members to behave like a
privileged class led Mao to take a number of unusual initiatives in
the late 1950s. In the Hundred Flowers movement of 1956 and 1957, he
encouraged intellectuals to make constructive criticism of the
party’s stewardship. When the criticism came, it revealed deep
hostility to CCP leadership. At about the same time, Mao accelerated
the transformation of rural ownership by calling for the elimination
of the last vestiges of rural private property and the formation of
people’s communes, and for the initiation of rapid industrial growth
through a program known as the Great Leap Forward. The suddenness of
these moves led to administrative confusion and popular resistance.
Furthermore, adverse weather conditions resulted in disastrous crop
shortfalls and severe food shortages. All these reverses cost Mao
his position as chief of state, and his influence over the party was
severely curtailed. It was also during the late 1950s that Mao’s
government began to reveal its deep-seated differences with the
USSR.
During the 1960s, Mao made a comeback. Several failed communist
experiments in the 1950s, including the Commune Movement (1958) and
the Great Leap Forward (1958 to 1959), culminated in his launching
the Cultural Revolution in 1966. The ensuing chaos and blood-letting
of this despicable act irradiated an estimated 70 million Chinese
citizens. The population of Communist China would continue to revere
this reptilian-minded beast. He attacked the party leadership and
the new chief of state, Liu Shaoqi (Liu Shao-ch’i), through a Great
Proletarian Cultural Revolution, which peaked from 1966 to 1969. The
Cultural Revolution was largely orchestrated by Mao’s wife, Jiang
Qing. It was perhaps Mao's greatest innovation and was essentially
an ideological struggle for public opinion carried out in the form
of a frantic national debate.
Mao proved to be a master tactician. When he could not get his
ideas across in the Beijing press, he used the Shanghai press to
attack the Beijing leadership. Students, mobilized as “Red Guards,”
became his most avid supporters. As tensions mounted and events
threatened to get out of hand, Mao was obliged to rely increasingly
on the military, under the leadership of Lin Biao (Lin Piao). In
return for this military support, the party named Lin as Mao’s
successor in its 1969 constitution. By 1971, however, Lin was
reported to have died in a plane crash after having plotted to
assassinate Mao, and Mao was once more firmly in control.
On the popular level, the thrust of the Cultural Revolution was
to teach the Chinese masses that it was “right to revolt”, that it
was their privilege to criticize those in positions of authority and
to take an active part in decision-making. During the Cultural
Revolution, Mao’s sayings, printed in a little red book, and buttons
bearing his image were distributed to the masses; his word was
treated as an ultimate authority and his person the subject of
ecstatic adulation. Despite this temporary assumption of an
authority higher than the CCP, Mao continued to state his belief in
the Leninist notion of collective party leadership. He showed his
opposition to the “personality cult” by explicitly asking that the
number of statues sculpted in his likeness be reduced.
Cold War Outcomes
The Korean War, justified in ideological terms, would be just one
of many of the new era savage wars using killing machines produced
by the Industrial Military Complex, which had mobilized on both
sides of the ideologically inspired Cold War. The industrial
military complex describes the link between the Defense Department
and a permanent peacetime arms industry that enables those groups to
wield extraordinary political and economic power. The term was
coined by Eisenhower in his farewell address of 1961, when he warned
of the threat it posed to democracy. This Cold War era lasted until
1989, whereupon it abruptly dissipated. The end of the Cold War
largely ended the peacetime arms buildup in the U.S., and caused the
contraction of the nation’s arms industry, temporarily diminishing
the power of the military-industrial complex.
During the forty years of the Cold War, both sides of the
ideological struggle ignored the rights of citizens. Under two
different guises of totalitarian-styled government, they constructed
covert intelligence agencies and assets that would become laws unto
themselves. The United States quickly adapted to this new form of
secret government. New acronyms, such as CIA, NSA, and FBI, were
coined, creating an aura of authenticity and legitimacy for agencies
that actually formed the totalitarian state's center for western
power. Each nation, large or small, would follow suit with its own
brand of secret intelligence police forces. This era of secret
government totally abdicated any notion of government by the people,
for the people and of the people, replacing it with government of
the people for the government. The virtues of the Constitution of
the United States of America and other so-called western democracies
were usurped and abandoned during the Cold War. Naturally, all
lawyers and politicians who framed and enacted a monolith of
legislation during this period would justify it based either on
skewed ideology or the hollow excuse of national sovereignty and
security.
What began at the turn of the century as a benign ideological
shift in consciousness blossomed into the mutative forms of
socialism and social democracy, which would go so far as to almost
destroy societies and civilization as a whole. The world’s
population — bursting to overflowing, straining at the seams to find
food and water to sustain 6 billion people — simply caved in to
these twisted notions that we must be controlled in order to survive
and prosper. George Orwell’s classic "Nineteen Eighty Four"
portrayed a horrifying future where tyrants secure their
totalitarian power with technology. Primary weapon: the tele-screen
that, installed in each citizen's house, could somehow see
everything, hear everything, and issue propaganda and commands.
Orwell coined scary phrases which entered the language: Big Brother,
Thought Police, Newspeak and Doublethink. Orwell’s world was
becoming more the accepted mindset than those who scoffed at the
possibility would have imagined.
For all those readers who simply accept “that’s the way it is,”
read on. The new idioms and sayings of the latter part of the
twentieth century would emerge and begin to mold our thinking into
the mindset of the Marxist-inspired socialism based on the Communist
Manifesto. New methods of mass indoctrination and brainwashing would
be introduced by both intelligence forces on either side of the Iron
Curtain. With the advent of television, this brainwashing became
very easy in the West. Of course, just plain terror did the job in
the communist regimes.
The Reptile Brain
Before we embark on a new chapter of the twentieth century, let
us review Howard Bloom’s theory of the three brains of the modern
hominid as it is discussed in his book "The Lucifer Principle."
As discussed previously, Dr. Paul MacLean was the researcher who
first posited the concept of the “triune brain.” According to
MacLean, near the base of a human skull is the stem of the brain,
poking up from the spinal column like the unadorned end of a walking
stick. Sticking atop that rudimentary setup is a mass of cerebral
tissue bequeathed us by our earliest totally land-dwelling
ancestors, the reptiles. When these beasts turned their backs on the
sea roughly three hundred million years ago and hobbled inland,
their primary focus was simple survival. The new landlubbers needed
to hunt, to find a mate, to carve out territory, and to fight in
that territory’s defense. The neural machinery they evolved took
care of these elementary functions. MacLean calls it the “reptile
brain.” The reptile brain still sits inside our skull like the pit
at the center of a peach. It is a vigorous participant in our mental
affairs, pumping its primitive, instinctual orders to us at all
hours of the day and night (Bloom, pages 25-26).
Bloom goes on to explain how evolution evolved these land
dwellers into warm-blooded, furry creatures that forced their
mothers to take care of their young. This necessitated that a “few
additions be built into the old reptilian brain” (Bloom, page 26):
"Nature complied by constructing an envelope
of new neural tissue that surrounded the reptile brain like a
peach’s juicy fruit enveloping the pit. MacLean called the add-in
the “mammalian brain.” The mammalian brain guided play, maternal
behavior, and a host of other emotions. It kept our furry ancestors
knitted together in nurturing gangs.
Far down the winding path of time, a few of
our hirsute progenitors tried something new. They stood on their
hind legs, looked around them, and applied their minds and hands to
the exploitation of the world. These were the early hominids. But
protohuman aspirations were impractical without the construction of
another brain accessory. Nature complied, wrapping a thin layer of
fresh neural substance around the old cortical standbys —
thereptilian and mammalian brains. The new structure, stretched
around the old ones like a peach’s skin, was the neocortex —theprimate
brain. The primate brain, which includes the human brain, had
awesome powers. It could envision the future. It could weigh a
possible action and imagine the consequences. It could support the
development of language, reason, and culture. But theneocortex had a
drawback: it was merely a thin veneer over the two ancient brains.
And those were as active as ever, measuring every bit of input from
the eyes and ears, and issuing fresh orders. The thinking human, no
matter how exalted his sentiments, was still listening to the voices
of a demanding reptile and a chattering ancient mammal. Both were
speaking to him from the depths of his own skull."
(Bloom, pages 26-27)
If we accept this theory as being scientifically provable, and
Bloom certainly posits a case for it being so, then we must in all
conscience seek to discover why man’s inhumanity to man continues to
be a blight not only on our past and present but also our future
evolution. For if we as a people can begin to enter into even a
shadowy understanding of who we are and why we are, we have an
excellent chance of reversing the current trends and setting a new
course toward peace on earth.
A Failed Peace
As the League of Nations of post World War I failed, so would the
United Nations of post World War II fail and miserably so. War is
not man’s great terrible disease; war is a symptom, a result.
The real disease is the virus of national sovereignty. This national
sovereignty virus is spread amongst the people of various nations by
greedy and power-lusting political leaders, who having recognized
the controlling influence of this ideology, have unconscionably
manipulated succeeding generations of unsuspecting nationalists to
accept the idea that wars are just.
The “just war” argument is perpetuated by nations that have never
actually possessed real sovereignty; that is to say,
sovereignty that could protect them from the ravages and devastation
of world wars. By creating a representative global government
of mankind, the nations would not give up sovereignty so much as
they would create a real, bona fide, and lasting world sovereignty
that would henceforth protect them from all war. Local affairs could
be handled by local governments; national affairs, by national
governments; international affairs could be administered by global
government.
It is important to understand that by "representative world
government," I am not referring to the Luciferian "new world order"
now receiving such a push by world banks and other greedy
international interests. I am referring to truly representative
government on a planetary scale. I am referring to government that
recognizes the sovereignty of God over all humankind as well as the
sovereignty of the individual person in his relationship with God.
World peace cannot be maintained by treaties, diplomacy, foreign
policies, alliances, balances of power, or any other type of
makeshift juggling with the sovereignties of nationalism. World law
must come into being and must be enforced by representative world
government — protecting the sovereignty of all mankind.
The individual will enjoy far more liberty under representative
world government. Today, the citizens of the great powers are taxed,
regulated, and controlled almost oppressively, and much of this
present interference with individual liberties would vanish when the
national governments are willing to trustee their sovereignty as
regards international affairs into the hands of representative
global government.
Under representative global government, the national groups would
be afforded a real opportunity to realize and enjoy the personal
liberties of genuine democracy. The fallacy of national
self-determination would end. With global regulations of money and
trade would come a new era of worldwide peace. A global language
could evolve, and there would be at least some hope of religions
with a global viewpoint. Collective security will never afford peace
until the collectivity includes all mankind. The political
sovereignty of representative mankind government will bring lasting
peace on earth, and the spiritual brotherhood of man will forever
ensure good will among all men. And there is no other way that peace
on earth and good will among men can be realized.
The decade immediately following the end of the World War II
proved to be crucial in how civilization would evolve or devolve.
The world power mindset was militaristic. Having just fought another
“just war,” both the Western and Eastern powers were in war mode —
that is to say, the Industrial Military Complex was. The civilian
population was sufficiently repulsed by the atrocities to want to
forget and move on. The Cold War would ensure that there would be
progress; however, it would be through preparedness for war not
peace. Immediately after the so-called "success" of the Nagasaki and
Hiroshima atomic bombs, the Industrial Military Complex would shape
our future after their twisted and perverted designs.
Not content with atomic weapons of mass destruction, the atheist
scientists went on to develop hydrogen bombs which would dwarf the
destructive power of the atomic weapons and release a new terror on
humanity. Fear and apathy in the West allowed this to happen;
totalitarian communism allowed a parallel terror to arise in the
East. The seeds were sown for nuclear holocaust. It is not a
question of “if” but “when.”
The United Nations, like its predecessor the League of Nations,
was destined to fail. National sovereignty would again become the
main stumbling block for this idealistic solution to war and
oppression. In fact, influence by the emerging secular humanist
mindset would create circumstances whereby this once idealistic
grouping of nations would come to do more harm than good,
bankrupting itself both morally and financially along the way.
Western-style governments have promulgated the notion that
citizens are born for the exclusive benefit of governments. Such
governments have completely turned their backs on the reality that
they were created and devised for the benefit of mankind. Until
truly representative global government emerges from the carnage and
despair of the past century, wars will become more and more
devastating — until they are almost racially suicidal.
How many world and regional wars must be fought and how many
Leagues of Nations and United Nations must fail before human beings
will be willing to establish the government of mankind? How many
bombs must be dropped before our species can begin to enjoy the
blessings of permanent peace and thrive on the tranquility of good
will — worldwide good will — among all human beings?
The civilian population of the world lost all hope and turned
away from God. The churches of Christianity had over the ages become
sect-divided, entering into unholy alliances with the state in the
West. In communist regimes, they had simply been neutralized and
forced underground. The soil of human desperation worldwide was well
prepared for the state to replace God. The secular revolt had done
its job and worldwide secularism would emerge as the new religion.
Religious practice would become a token religion worship of God and
the teachings of Jesus would be submerged under the fundamentalism
of all religions and their leaders as fear and remorse seized the
global population in the west and secular humanism flourished in the
east. In both communism and capitalism and all intervening systems,
the state would eventually seek to replace God by marginalizing the
individual rights into a collective system of socialism.
Meanwhile capitalism, whose new ally was materialism and the
Industrial Military Complex, continued to greedily maneuver the
enemy — socialism and unionism — into a suicidal position. The more
the socialist-unionist movement gained ground, the more the
capitalists coalesced into huge monolithic corporations that would
eventually eclipse government itself. The “profit motive” reigned
supreme all the way through the balance of the twentieth century.
Communism and capitalism both fed voraciously off of materialism,
while the masses just went along, their rights spirited away in the
west and had long gone in the east. Political leaders on both sides
of the Cold War had their sights set on domination of the
opposition, using military might as their weapon. Virtues were
basically abandoned as each side craved victory at any cost. The
civilian population in the west, feeding off the new-found
prosperity of capitalism, remained apathetic — whatever the state
dictated was readily accepted. Whatever the state [god] dictated was
fine, provided the state provided all to its citizens. This ideology
would eventually be established in western democracies as social
democrats gradually won over the minds of the majority.
So we see the sophistries of secularism, materialism, and
atheistic science beginning to triumph over humankind. Much more
devastation and human suffering would occur as the folly of this
worldwide mindset took hold of the latter half of the twentieth
century. Political ideologues on both sides of the Cold War quickly
recognized the power of propaganda — and were keen to use television
as a decisive tool in the indoctrination and brainwashing so
necessary for the Cold War mentality to prosper.
As science confronted conventional religions worldwide,
continually disproving the mythical stories of ancient history, the
civilian population became confused. People either opted out of
religious tradition or turned to fundamentalism. This harvest of
human despair would come full circle as we shall see in future
chapters.
We can now see, in the aftermath of the 1947 Roswell crash, why
our nearby neighbors would wish to monitor and even interact with
our civilization. With the advent of nuclear weapons, we had not
only become a threat to our planet but also to them. The universe
law of cause and effect has come into play. Any reader who sincerely
believes the UFO/ET phenomenon is just a “conspiracy theory” would
be wise to read extensively on the subject before making a final
determination. We shall see in future chapters the reason for
“Cosmic Watergate.” Suffice to say that history is eventually the
only test of truth or fiction. With the benefit of hindsight and
factual evidence not necessarily available previously, historians
will eventually piece together this paradigm shifting event in
Roswell, New Mexico.
The solution of representative global government will be dealt
with in future chapters; however, the essential key must first be
recognized. This key is true political leadership, both at the
national level, then coalesced at the global level. Knowledge is not
enough; ideas without idealism is a fallacy. True wisdom gained
through the experience of living through a wide range of human
endeavor is the only prerequisite for leadership. Virtues emanating
from this experience — principles, ethics, morals, and values — are
essential. Take a quick look at the worldwide political leadership
and ask yourself, "Would I want him or her to be part of a global
government?"
The reader very quickly realizes the problem that lies ahead.
|